Methods of cleaning and soil release of highly oil absorbing substrates employing optimized extended chain nonionic surfactants

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are detergent compositions containing extended chain surfactants that form microemulsions with and can remove greasy and oily stains. In certain embodiments the extended nonionic surfactant includes Guerbet C10 or C12(PO)8(EO)n. The detergent compositions and methods of employing the same beneficially clean soils from textiles including difficult to remove cosmetic soils and food oils, even those comprised of non-trans fats.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to provisionalapplication Ser. No. 62/886,483, filed Aug. 14, 2019, hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

Embodiments herein relate to compositions utilized as laundry detergentsemploying optimized guerbet C10 to C12 extended nonionic surfactants.These optimized extended surfactants have many benefits including theease of formation of microemulsions, the formation of microemulsionsthat are non-gelling, have low viscosity and superwetting properties.The detergent compositions and methods of employing the same areparticularly suitable for extremely difficult to remove soils ontextiles including cosmetic soils and food oils such as non-trans fats.

BACKGROUND

Surfactants reduce the surface tension of water by adsorbing at theliquid-gas interface. They also reduce the interfacial tension betweenoil and water by adsorbing at the liquid-liquid interface. Surfactantsare a primary component of most detergents and rinse aids. Whendissolved in water, surfactants give a product the ability to removedirt from surfaces. Each surfactant molecule has a hydrophilic head thatis attracted to water molecules and a hydrophobic tail that repels waterand simultaneously attaches itself to oil and grease in dirt. Theseopposing forces loosen the dirt and suspend it in the water.

Surfactants do the basic work of detergents and cleaning compositions bybreaking up stains and keeping the dirt in the water solution to preventre-deposition of the dirt onto the surface from which it has just beenremoved. Surfactants disperse and, in some cases, suspend dirt thatnormally does not dissolve in water and, in the case of rinse aids stripleft over grease, allow the suspended dirt to be washed away, andprovide wetting and sheeting action to promote faster drying.

Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are predominantly used as industrial anddomestic detergents as a surfactant. However, while effective, NPEs aredisfavored due to environmental concerns. For example, NPEs are formedthrough the combination of ethylene oxide with nonylphenol (NP). Both NPand NPEs exhibit estrogen-like properties and may contaminate water,vegetation and marine life. NPE is also not readily biodegradable andremains in the environment or food chain for indefinite time periods.

An alternative to NPEs are alcohol ethoxylates (AEs). These alternativesare less toxic and degrade more quickly in the environment. However, ithas recently been found that textiles washed with NPE free andphosphorous free detergents containing AEs smoke when exposed to highheat, e.g., in a steam tunnel in industrial laundry processes, or whenironed.

Surfactants are often incorporated in a cleaning composition to cleansoiled surfaces. One of the preferred mechanisms is by microemulsifyingthese soils. Surfactants are also often incorporated into anoil-in-water microemulsion to make oil containing products appear morehomogenous. These oil containing products include a variety of differentsurfactant systems in 5-20% solubilized oil which may be used as is orare then diluted with water prior to use. Examples of these oilcontaining products include cosmetics products containing oil for skinprotection and cleaning products containing oily solvents for degreasingsuch as terpene and other water immiscible solvents. The surfactantsystems generally employed in these cleaning products include a mixtureof anionic or non-ionic surfactants and a short chain alcohol to helpsolubilize the oil phase and prevent liquid crystal formation. Whileshort chain alcohols are effective, they also contribute to the volatileorganic solvent content (VOC) of the product and pose flammabilityproblems.

As can be seen there is a continuing need to develop effective,environmentally friendly, and safe surfactants and surfactant systemsthat can be used in cleaners of all kinds. This is particularly so inlight of several new cleaning challenges that have emerged.

Health authorities have recently recommended that trans fats be reducedor eliminated in diets because they present health risks. In response,the food industry has largely replaced the use of trans fats withnon-trans fats. These types of non-trans fats are the most difficult toremove from surfaces. The food industry and textile cleaning industryhave also experienced an unexplained higher frequency of laundry fires.Textile items such as rags that are not effectively washed to betterremove non-trans fats, are prone to cause fire due their substantialheat of polymerization of the trans fats. Non-trans fats have conjugateddouble bonds that can polymerize and the substantial heat ofpolymerization involved can cause fire, for example, in a pile of ragsused to mop up these non-trans fat soils.

As can be seen, there is a need in the industry for improvement ofcleaning compositions, such as hard surface cleaners, rinse aids, andlaundry detergents and specifically the surfactants used therein so thatdifficult soils can be removed in a safe environmentally friendly andeffective manner.

SUMMARY

The compositions disclosed meet the needs above by providing surfactantsystems, mixtures or blends including optimized extended chain nonionicsurfactants. The mixtures form stable microemulsions with oils and fattyacids which can be the resultant product, such as lubricants,sunscreens, or triglyceride-based products. The mixtures also improvethe ease of formation of microemulsions, as well with resultantmicroemulsions that are non-gelling, have low viscosity and superwettingproperties. These can be used in detergents, rinse aids and the like andform microemulsions without the need for linker or other cosurfactants.

In another embodiment the surfactant system or mixture can be used in acleaning or detergent composition to emulsify, and microemulsify oilsand greasy soils, such as non-trans fats and fatty acids, fromsubstrates/surfaces. The surfactant system can be used alone as apretreatment, or as a part of a cleaning composition such as a laundrydetergent, rinse aid, hard surface cleaner or other emulsion ormicroemulsion.

Uses and applications, include but are not limited to laundry cleaning,reduction of laundry fires due to non-trans fats, hard surface cleaningsuch as manual pot-n-pan cleaning, machine warewashing (pretreatment,detergent or rinse aid), all-purpose cleaning, floor cleaning, CIPcleaning, open facility cleaning, foam cleaning, vehicle cleaning, etc.One embodiment is also relevant to non-cleaning related uses andapplications such as dry lubes, tire dressings, polishes, etc. as wellas triglyceride based lotions, suntan lotions, potentiallypharmaceutical emulsions and microemulsions.

The surfactant mixtures include surfactant systems based on one or moreextended chain nonionic surfactants. Notably the surfactants do not needto be combined with linker co-surfactants. This system is highlyeffective at creating microemulsions with fatty acids and non-trans fatsat relatively low temperatures and the use of various surfactants can bemodified to form emulsions at different temperatures to allow one todesign specific surfactant formations specific to a particular use. Thesurfactant systems can be used in formulations for laundry detergents,warewash detergents, rinse aids, hard surface cleaners, whether alkalior acid based or even by as a pre-spotting/pre-soaking.

According to at least one embodiment, certain optimized nonionicsurfactants can be used as a rinse agent/de-foaming package to providewetting plus stripping of oil. These surfactants can also formmicroemulsions without the need of linker cosurfactants.

Extended nonionic surfactants include those of the general formula:R-[L]_(x)-[O—CH₂—CH₂]_(y),

Where R is the lipophilic moiety, a linear or branched, saturated orunsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatichydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms, L is alinking group, or extended hydrophobe such as a block of poly-propyleneoxide, a block of poly-ethylene oxide, a block of poly-butylene oxide ora mixture thereof; x is the chain length of the linking group rangingfrom 5-25; and y is the average degree of ethoxylation ranging from1-20. Applicant has found that when L is PO the superior extensionlength is 8 moles of PO. In a more preferred embodiment, the extendednonionic surfactants include Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates, such as C₁₀Guerbet (PO)₈EO_(x) where x is 3, 6, 8, or 10.

In a further aspect, a laundry detergent composition is provided whichincludes the surfactant system disclosed herein, and optionally analkalinity source and an additional surfactant. The laundry detergentproduct being adapted according to an embodiment to readily dissolve anddisperse non-trans fats in commercial, industrial, and personal laundrywashing processes or in a pre-spotting treatment.

These and other objects, features and attendant advantages will becomeapparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the followingdetailed description of the preferred embodiment and the appendedclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a typical red napkin oil-stained sample before wash. Fromtop to bottom: four drops of olive oil, four drops of Crisco oil, andfour drops of corn oil. Each drop was 10 μl.

FIG. 2 shows typical wash results. From left to right: visible residue,no residue, and reverse residue. The napkins having visible residue asshown on the left were also used as previously tested samples.

FIG. 3 shows the results of test 20 (Table 23) with old napkin samples.Photos were taken after cold-water rinse.

FIG. 4 shows test results of test 21 (Table 24) with old napkin samples.Photos were taken after cold-water rinse.

FIG. 5 shows the results of a high temperature rinse.

FIG. 6 shows the results of a low temperature rinse for new napkins.

FIG. 7 shows the results with new napkins after a 120° F. rinse or anice-water rinse.

FIG. 8 shows the factors, responses, and runs for the Design ofExperiment.

FIG. 9 shows the results for the Design of Experiment.

FIG. 10 shows the solution appearance for wash process 1 (Table 29)

FIG. 11 shows the ice soak step and solution appearance for wash process2 (Table 29).

FIG. 12 shows the removal of lipstick as a function of the two detergentconditions and two substrates at the end of the wash phase. Significantimprovement is seen for the lipstick swatches across both substrates forSystem B compared to System A.

FIG. 13 shows the results of testing using a solvent (Dowanol PPH GlycolEther) combined with C10PO8EO6. The solvent blended formula to ExtendedC10PO8EO6:Dowanol PPH to 3:1 demonstrated the best cleaning results.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments are not limited to particular detergent formulations,which can vary and are understood by skilled artisans. It is further tobe understood that all terminology used herein is for the purpose ofdescribing particular embodiments only and is not intended to belimiting in any manner or scope. For example, as used in thisspecification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and“the” can include plural referents unless the content clearly indicatesotherwise. Further, all units, prefixes, and symbols may be denoted inits SI accepted form.

Numeric ranges recited within the specification are inclusive of thenumbers within the defined range. Throughout this disclosure, variousaspects are presented in a range format. It should be understood thatthe description in range format is merely for convenience and brevityand should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope ofthe embodiments. Accordingly, the description of a range should beconsidered to have specifically disclosed all the possible sub-ranges aswell as individual numerical values within that range (e.g. 1 to 5includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5).

So that the present disclosure may be more readily understood, certainterms are first defined. Unless defined otherwise, all technical andscientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonlyunderstood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which embodimentspertain. Many methods and materials similar, modified, or equivalent tothose described herein can be used in the practice of the embodiments ofdisclosed herein without undue experimentation, the preferred materialsand methods are described herein. In describing and claiming theembodiments, the following terminology will be used in accordance withthe definitions set out below.

The term “about,” as used herein, refers to variation in the numericalquantity that can occur, for example, through typical measuring andliquid handling procedures used for making concentrates or use solutionsin the real world; through inadvertent error in these procedures;through differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of theingredients used to make the compositions or carry out the methods; andthe like. The term “about” also encompasses amounts that differ due todifferent equilibrium conditions for a composition resulting from aparticular initial mixture. Whether or not modified by the term “about”,the claims include equivalents to the quantities.

The term “actives” or “percent actives” or “percent by weight actives”or “actives concentration” are used interchangeably herein and refers tothe concentration of those ingredients involved in cleaning expressed asa percentage minus inert ingredients such as water or salts.

An “antiredeposition agent” refers to a compound that helps keepsuspended in water instead of redepositing onto the object beingcleaned. Antiredeposition agents are useful to assist in reducingredepositing of the removed soil onto the surface being cleaned.

As used herein, the term “cleaning” refers to a method used tofacilitate or aid in soil removal, bleaching, microbial populationreduction, and any combination thereof. As used herein, the term“microorganism” refers to any noncellular or unicellular (includingcolonial) organism. Microorganisms include all prokaryotes.Microorganisms include bacteria (including cyanobacteria), spores,lichens, fungi, protozoa, virinos, viroids, viruses, phages, and somealgae. As used herein, the term “microbe” is synonymous withmicroorganism.

As used herein, the term “cleaning composition” includes, unlessotherwise indicated, detergent compositions, laundry cleaningcompositions, hard surface cleaning compositions, includingpretreatments or rinse aids, and personal care cleaning compositions foruse in the health and beauty area. Cleaning compositions includegranular, powder, liquid, gel, paste, bar form and/or flake typecleaning agents, laundry detergent cleaning agents, laundry soak orspray treatments, fabric treatment compositions, dish washing detergentsand soaps, shampoos, body washes and soaps, and other similar cleaningcompositions. As used herein, the term “fabric treatment composition”includes, unless otherwise indicated, fabric softening compositions,fabric enhancing compositions, fabric freshening compositions andcombinations thereof. Such compositions may be, but need not be rinseadded compositions.

The term “electrolyte” refers to a substance that will provide ionicconductivity when dissolved in water or when in contact with it; suchcompounds may either be solid or liquid.

The term “hard surface” refers to a solid, substantially non-flexiblesurface such as a counter top, tile, floor, wall, panel, window,plumbing fixture, kitchen and bathroom furniture, appliance, engine,circuit board, and dish. Hard surfaces may include for example, healthcare surfaces and food processing surfaces, instruments and the like.

The term “soft surface” refers to a softer, highly flexible materialsuch as fabric, carpet, hair, and skin.

The term “laundry” refers to items or articles that are cleaned in alaundry washing machine. In general, laundry refers to any item orarticle made from or including textile materials, woven fabrics,non-woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics. The textile materials caninclude natural or synthetic fibers such as silk fibers, linen fibers,cotton fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers such as nylon, acrylicfibers, acetate fibers, and blends thereof including cotton andpolyester blends. The fibers can be treated or untreated. Exemplarytreated fibers include those treated for flame retardancy. It should beunderstood that the term “linen” is often used to describe certain typesof laundry items including bed sheets, pillow cases, towels, tablelinen, table cloth, bar mops and uniforms.

As used herein, a “textile” is any woven or non-woven fabric or article,or garment including, but not limited to, all types found in theconsumer, industrial, and/or institutional markets including, but notlimited to, those made of cotton, poly-cotton blends, wool, aramids,polyurethanes, olefins, polyactids, nylons, silk, hemp, rayon, flax,jute, acrylics, polyesters, those made from many other synthetic ornatural fibers and mixtures thereof.

As used herein, the term “microemulsion” refers to thermodynamicallystable, isotropic dispersions consisting of nanometer size domains ofwater and/or oil stabilized by an interfacial film of surface-activeagent characterized by ultra low interfacial tension.

As used herein, the term “phosphate-free” refers to a composition,mixture, or ingredient that does not contain a phosphate orphosphate-containing compound or to which a phosphate orphosphate-containing compound has not been added. Should a phosphate orphosphate-containing compound be present through contamination of aphosphate-free composition, mixture, or ingredients, the amount ofphosphate shall be less than 0.5 wt %. More preferably, the amount ofphosphate is less than 0.1 wt-%, and most preferably, the amount ofphosphate is less than 0.01 wt %.

As used herein, the term “phosphorus-free” or “substantiallyphosphorus-free” refers to a composition, mixture, or ingredient thatdoes not contain phosphorus or a phosphorus-containing compound or towhich phosphorus or a phosphorus-containing compound has not been added.Should phosphorus or a phosphorus-containing compound be present throughcontamination of a phosphorus-free composition, mixture, or ingredients,the amount of phosphorus shall be less than 0.5 wt %. More preferably,the amount of phosphorus is less than 0.1 wt-%, and most preferably theamount of phosphorus is less than 0.01 wt %.

As used herein, the term “caustic free” or “alkali caustic free” or“substantially caustic” or “substantially alkali caustic free” refers toa composition, mixture, or ingredient that does not contain significantresidual and titrate-able carbonate alkalinity from alkali metalhydroxides such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or does notcontain an alkali metal hydroxide-containing compound or to which alkalimetal hydroxide-containing compound has not been added. The pH of suchcompositions or mixtures may be below a pH of about 9.0, below a pH ofabout 8.0 or below a pH of about 7.0. Should an alkali metalhydroxide-containing compound be present through contamination of analkali metal hydroxide-free composition, mixture, or ingredients, theamount of alkali metal hydroxide or caustic component shall be less thanabout 0.5 wt %, or less than about 0.2 wt %. In some embodiments, analkali metal hydroxide may be used in the composition, mixture, oringredients for neutralization, stabilization, or pH adjustmentpurposes. If an alkali metal hydroxide is included for such a purpose,the amount of alkali metal hydroxide or caustic component shall be lessthan about 10.0 wt %, than about 5.0 wt %, or than about 2.0 wt %.

As used herein, the term “polymer” generally includes, but is notlimited to, homopolymers, copolymers, such as for example, block, graft,random and alternating copolymers, terpolymers, and higher “x” mers,further including their derivatives, combinations, and blends thereof.Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term “polymer”shall include all possible isomeric configurations of the molecule,including, but are not limited to isotactic, syndiotactic and randomsymmetries, and combinations thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwisespecifically limited, the term “polymer” shall include all possiblegeometrical configurations of the molecule.

“Soil” or “stain” refers to a non-polar oily substance which may or maynot contain particulate matter such as mineral clays, sand, naturalmineral matter, carbon black, graphite, kaolin, environmental dust, etc.

As used herein, the term “soil” or “stain” refers to a non-polar oilysubstance which may or may not contain particulate matter such asmineral clays, sand, natural mineral matter, carbon black, graphite,kaolin, environmental dust, etc.

As used herein, the term “substantially free” refers to compositionscompletely lacking the component or having such a small amount of thecomponent that the component does not affect the performance of thecomposition. The component may be present as an impurity or as acontaminant and shall be less than 0.5 wt-%. In another embodiment, theamount of the component is less than 0.1 wt-% and in yet anotherembodiment, the amount of component is less than 0.01 wt-%.

The term “substantially similar cleaning performance” refers generallyto achievement by a substitute cleaning product or substitute cleaningsystem of generally the same degree (or at least not a significantlylesser degree) of cleanliness or with generally the same expenditure (orat least not a significantly lesser expenditure) of effort, or both.

The term “surfactant” as used herein is a compound that contains alipophilic segment and a hydrophilic segment, which when added to wateror solvents, reduces the surface tension of the system. An “extendedchain surfactant” is a surfactant having an intermediate polaritylinking chain, such as a block of poly-propylene oxide, or a block ofpoly-ethylene oxide, or a block of poly-butylene oxide or a mixturethereof inserted between the surfactant's conventional lipophilicsegment and hydrophilic segment.

As used herein, the term “ware” refers to items such as eating andcooking utensils, dishes, and other hard surfaces such as showers,sinks, toilets, bathtubs, countertops, windows, mirrors, transportationvehicles, and floors. As used herein, the term “warewashing” refers towashing, cleaning, or rinsing ware. Ware also refers to items made ofplastic. Types of plastics that can be cleaned with the compositionsdisclosed include but are not limited to, those that includepolypropylene polymers (PP), polycarbonate polymers (PC), melamineformaldehyde resins or melamine resin (melamine),acrilonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers (ABS), and polysulfone polymers(PS). Other exemplary plastics that can be cleaned using the compoundsand compositions disclosed include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) andpolystyrene polyamide.

The term “weight percent,” “wt.-%,” “percent by weight,” “% by weight,”and variations thereof, as used herein, refer to the concentration of asubstance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight ofthe composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as usedhere, “percent,” “%,” and the like are intended to be synonymous with“weight percent,” “wt.-%,” etc.

The methods and compositions may comprise, consist essentially of, orconsist of the components and ingredients disclosed as well as otheringredients described herein. As used herein, “consisting essentiallyof” means that the methods and compositions may include additionalsteps, components or ingredients, but only if the additional steps,components or ingredients do not materially alter the basic and novelcharacteristics of the claimed methods and compositions.

So that the disclosure maybe more readily understood, certain terms arefirst defined, and certain test methods are described.

Surfactant Systems Employing Optimized Nonionic Extended ChainSurfactants

Spun polyester napkins and uniforms have built-in capillary channels andbehave like oil sponges. Food oils such as non-trans fats, once soakedup by these capillary channels, are extremely difficulty to remove.In-line laundry formulas, and even together with high dose of alkali,have difficulty removing these food oils. Rejection rates of 50% orabove have been common.

Similarly, cosmetic soils are notoriously difficult to remove becausethey are oily and waxy. There is great need to come up with innovativeways to remove these cosmetic soils. The surfactant system or mixturedescribed herein are optimized for these difficult soil removalsituations and employs one or more extended chain nonionic surfactants.These are surfactants that have an intermediate polarity poly-alkyleneoxide chain (or linker) inserted between the lipophilic tail group andhydrophilic polar head, which may be anionic or nonionic.

Examples of lipophilic tail groups include hydrocarbons, alkyl ether,fluorocarbons or siloxanes. Examples of anionic hydrophilic polar headsof the extended surfactant include, but are not necessarily limited to,groups such as sulfate, polyoxyethylene sulfate, ethoxysulfate,carboxylate, ethoxy-carboxylate, phosphate, ethoxyphosphates. Examplesof nonionic hydrophilic polar heads of the extended surfactant include,but are not necessarily limited to, groups such as polyoxyethylene, C6sugar, xylitol, di-xylitol, ethoxy-xylitol, and glucose.

Extended surfactants include a linker polyalkylene glycol link.

The general formula for a nonionic extended surfactant isR-[L]_(x)-[O—CH₂—CH₂]_(y)where R is the lipophilic moiety, such as a linear or branched,saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic oraromatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms, Lis a linking group, such as a block of poly-alkylene oxide, preferablypolypropylene oxide; x is the chain length of the linking group rangingfrom 2-25; and y is the average degree of ethoxylation ranging from1-18. In a preferred embodiment, applicants have found that use of anonionic surfactant with enough PO extension as the main surfactant (andonly) can form liquid single phase microemulsions. PO length isoptimized at from about 5 to about 8 moles of PO. This length of POextension provides a lower foam profile. Applicants have further foundthat R groups that are a branched hydrophobe such as a guerbet alcoholare better for protein soil defoaming.

Preferred extended surfactants include: branched Guerbet alcoholalkoxylates; such as C_(y)(PO)₈(EO)_(x) (x=3,6,8,10) (y=10-12) also,extended linear alcohol alkoxylates; C₍₁₂₋₁₄₎(PO)₁₆(EO)_(x) (x=6,12,17).

Branched Alcohol Alkoxylates

Preferred branched alcohol alkoxylates include Guerbet ethoxylates.Guerbet ethoxylates suitable for use herein have the following formula:

In an embodiment the Guerbet ethoxylate is further defined wherein R¹ isC2-C20 alkyl and R² is H or C1-C4 alkyl. In a further embodiment, theGuerbet ethoxylate is defined wherein “n” is an integer between 2 and 20and wherein “m” is an integer between 1 and 40.

In another embodiment, the branched alcohol alkoxylate is a Guerbetethoxylate that is prepared from a Guerbet alcohol by dimerization ofalkenes (e.g. butane).

The branched alcohol alkoxylates, including Guerbet ethoxylates, can beprepared according to U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,906,320, 6,737,553 and 5,977,048,the disclosure of these patents are herein incorporated by reference intheir entirety. Exemplary branched alcohol alkoxylates include thoseavailable under the tradenames Lutensol XP-30 and Lutensol XP-50 (BASFCorporation). In general, Lutensol XP-30 can be considered to have 3repeating ethoxy groups, and Lutensol XP-50 can be considered to have 5repeating ethoxy groups.

Branched alcohol alkoxylates can be classified as relatively waterinsoluble or relatively water soluble. In general, a water insolublebranched alcohol alkoxylate can be considered an alkoxylate that, whenprovided as a composition containing 5 wt.-% of the branched alcoholalkoxylate and 95 wt.-% water, has a tendency to phase separate.Lutensol XP-30 and Lutensol XP-50 from BASF Corporation are examples ofwater-insoluble branched alcohol alkoxylates.

According to an embodiment, a branched alcohol alkoxylate, preferably awater-insoluble Guerbet ethoxylate has from about 10 wt.-% to about 90wt.-% ethylene oxide, from about 20 wt.-% to about 70 wt.-% ethyleneoxide preferably from about 30 wt.-% to about 60 wt.-% ethylene oxide.

Applicants have further found that use of capped extended nonionicsurfactants lowers the foam profile of the composition and foam fromprotein soil.

Capped extended nonionic surfactants can include:R—[PO]_(x)-[EO]_(y)[N]z

Where N is a capping group such as an alkyl group such as methyl,benzyl, butyl, etc.; a PO group of from 1-5 length, in length. Thesecapped nonionic surfactants have lowered foam profiles and the like areeffective for rinse aid formulations and detergents.

These extended chain surfactants attain low tension and/or highsolubilization, and can from a single phase microemulsion with oils,such as non-trans fats with additional beneficial properties including,but not necessarily limited to, tunability to temperature andirreversibility within the microemulsion forming temperature range. Forexample, in one embodiment the emulsions or microemulsions may functionover a relatively wide temperature range of from about 80° to 190° C.For example with a PO length of 8, and R as a Guerbet alcohol, extendednonionic surfactants tested formed stable microemulsions for 3EO at90°-80°; 6 EO at 160°-120°; 8EO 150°-185° and 10 EO 165°-190°. Thus onecan customize the extended nonionic surfactant for the type of cleaningsystem used, and at what temperature one wants the micro emulsion toform.

Many extended chain anionic and nonionic surfactants are commerciallyavailable from a number of sources. Table 1 is a representative,nonlimiting listing of several examples of the same.

TABLE 1 % Ac- Extended Surfactants Source tive Structure PlurafacSL-42(nonionic) BASF 100 C₆₋₁₀-(PO)₃(EO)₆ Plurafac SL-62(nonionic) BASF100 C₆₋₁₀-(PO)₃(EO)₈ Lutensol XL-40(nonionic) BASF 100 (3 propylheptanol Lutensol XL-50(nonionic) BASF 100 Guerbet alcohol series)Lutensol XL-60(nonionic) BASF 100 C₁₀-(PO)_(a)(EO)_(b) series, LutensolXL-70(nonionic) BASF 100 where a is 1.0 to 1.5, and LutensolXL-79(nonionic) BASF 85 b is 4 to 14. Lutensol XL-80(nonionic) BASF 100Lutensol XL-89(nonionic) BASF 80 Lutensol XL-90 (nonionic) BASF 100Lutensol XL-99 (nonionic) BASF 80 Lutensol XL-100 (nonionic) BASF 100Lutensol XL-140 (nonionic) BASF 100 New surfactant designed by 100 C10Guerbet alcohol Ecolab (PO)₈(EO)₃ New surfactant designed by 100 C10Guerbet alcohol Ecolab (PO)₈(EO)₆ New surfactant designed by BASF 100C10 Guerbet alcohol Ecolab (PO)₈(EO)₈ New surfactant designed by BASF100 C10 Guerbet alcohol Ecolab (PO)₈(EO)₁₀ Ecosurf EH-3 (nonionic) Dow100 2-Ethyl Hexyl Ecosurf EH-6 (nonionic) Dow 100 (PO)_(m)(EO)_(n)Ecosurf EH-9(nonionic) Dow 100 series Ecosurf SA-4(nonionic) Dow 100C₆₋₁₂ (PO)₃₋₄ (EO)₄ Ecosurf SA-7 (nonionic) Dow 100 C₆₋₁₂ (PO)₃₋₄ (EO)₇Ecosurf SA-9 (nonionic) Dow 100 C₆₋₁₂ (PO)₃₋₄ (EO)₉ SurfonicPEA-25(nonionic) Huntsman 100 C₁₂₋₁₄(PO)₂N[(EO)_(2.5)}₂ X-AES (anionic)Huntsman 23 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₁₆-(EO)₂- sulfate X-LAE6 (nonionic) Huntsman 100C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₁₆(EO)₆ X-LAE12 (nonionic) Huntsman 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₁₆(EO)₁₂X-LAE17 (nonionic) Huntsman 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₁₆(EO)₁₇ Alfoterra 123-4S(anionic) Sasol 30 C₁₂₋₁₃-(PO)₄-sulfate Alfoterra 123-8S (anionic) Sasol30 C₁₂₋₁₃-(PO)₈-sulfate Marlowet 4561 (nonionic Sasol 90C₁₆₋₁₈(PO)₄(EO)₅- under acidic condition, carboxylic acid anionic underalkaline condition) Marlowet 4560 (nonionic Sasol 90 C₁₆₋₁₈(PO)₄(EO)₂-under acidic condition, carboxylic acid anionic under alkalinecondition) Marlowet 4539 (nonionic Sasol 90 Iso C₉-(PO)₂EO₂- underacidic condition, carboxylic acid anionic under alkaline condition)LP-6818-41-IP2 Exp 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₄ LP-6818-41-IP3 Exp 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₆LP-6818-41-IP4 Exp 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₈ LP-6818-47-IP5 Exp 100C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₄(EO)₁₂ LP-6818-47-IP6 Exp 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₄(EO)₁₄LP-6818-47-IP7 Exp 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₄(EO)₁₆ LP-6818-49-FB Exp 100C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₄(EO)₁₈ LP-6818-51-IP1 Exp 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₆(EO)₁₄LP-6818-51-IP2 Exp 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₆(EO)₁₆ LP-6818-53-IP3 Exp 100C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₆(EO)₁₈ LP-6818-53-FB Exp 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₆(EO)₂₀LP-6818-66-IP2 Exp 100 TDA-(PO)₄ LP-6818-67-IP3 Exp 100 TDA-(PO)₄(EO)₈LP-6818-67-IP4 Exp 100 TDA-(PO)₄(EO)₁₀ LP-6818-67-IP5 Exp 100TDA-(PO)₄(EO)₁₂ LP-6818-68-IP5 LP-6818-68-IP6 Exp 100 TDA-(PO)₄(EO)₁₄LP-6818-68-FB Exp 100 TDA-(PO)₄(EO)₁₈ Exp 100 C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₂₀(EO)₂ Exp 100C₁₂₋₁₄-(PO)₂₀(EO)₄ Exp 100 C₁₂-(PO)₂₀(EO)₆ Isofol 12 PO5EO5 Exp 100Guerbet C₁₂-(PO)₅(EO)₅ Isofol 12 PO5EO8 Exp 100 Guerbet C₁₂-(PO)₅(EO)₈Isofol 12 PO8EO5 Exp 100 Guerbet C₁₂-(PO)₈(EO)₅ Isofol 12 PO8EO8 Exp 100Guerbet C₁₂-(PO)₈(EO)₈ Capped Triton DF-12 DOW 100 C₈₋₁₀-(PO)₂(EO)₁₁-Benzyl ** Exp are manufactured by Ecolab

A nonionic extended chain surfactant is employed as a surfactantcomponent in cleaning, rinsing, degreasing, and other formulations. Thenonionic surfactants have been optimized to form stable microemulsionswithout the need for co-surfactants.

According to an embodiment, emulsions or microemulsions of differenttemperature range that are stable and irreversible, i.e. the emulsion ormicroemulsion does not revert as it stays in the specific temperaturerange. The surfactant system is capable of forming emulsions ormicroemulsions with, or in cleaning compositions for removing or treatedstains caused by oils and fatty acids including hydrocarbon type oils,vegetable oils, organic oils, mineral oils, synthetic oils,petrochemical oils, volatile essential oils, including fatty acids,lipids as well as triglycerides.

This feature may be used for removal of the oils in cleaning products orin any other product which requires an oil emulsion or microemulsionsuch as lubricants, suntan lotions, pharmaceutical applications hairproducts such as shampoos, gels, conditioners and the like, Petroleumproducts such as diesel fuel (petrodiesel), ethane (and othershort-chain alkanes), fuel oils (heaviest of commercial fuels, used inships/furnaces), gasoline (petrol), jet fuel, kerosene, and liquefiedpetroleum gas, Lubrication products for various personal and engineeringpurposes, detergents, fertilizers, medicines, paints, plastics,synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubber.

Cleaning Compositions Including Rinse Aids Comprising Extended ChainNonionic Surfactants

The surfactant system disclosed may be used alone, as a pre-treatment,pre-soak or pre-spot composition in combination with a traditionalwarewash, or laundry detergent or cleaner, or may be incorporated withina cleaning composition. The embodiments comprise both hard surface andsoft surface cleaning compositions including the disclosed surfactantsystem. Applicants have found that the use of these optimized extendedchain nonionic surfactants can radically cut down on the rejection rateafter cleaning these heavily soiled spun polyester napkins, even withsignificantly lower or no alkali and across a wide temperature range ofapplication.

Applicants also have discovered that these optimized extended chainnonionic surfactants can be used as a soil release agent to minimize orprevent the tenacious attachment of soils such as the cosmetics soil onthe pretreated substrate, thus making subsequent cleaning much easier,sometimes even with just water rinsing without the use of detergents.

Cleaning Composition Formulations

In another embodiment a ware wash or laundry detergent which includes abuilder, and other traditional components such as enzymes iscontemplated. Examples of such standard laundry, warewash, and rinse aidcomponents and formulations, which are well known to those skilled inthe art, are provided in the following paragraphs.

The detergent or warewash composition can be provided in solid or liquidform and includes, for example, an alkalinity source, a metal protector(for warewash), a surfactant or surfactant system disclosed herein,water, and a threshold agent, and other optional components. Typicalformulations can include from about 30% and about 80% by weightalkalinity source, between about 15% and about 35% by weight metalprotector, between about 2% and about 10% by weight surfactant, betweenabout 0.1% and about 20% by weight water, between about 0.2% and about15% by weight threshold agent. If a scale inhibitor is present it ispresent in an amount of from about 0 to about 15% by weight.

In yet another embodiment, a hard surface cleaning composition isdisclosed, with the surfactant system, an acid source or source ofalkalinity, and optionally a solvent, a water conditioning agent, andwater to make a hard surface cleaner which will be effective at removinggreasy and oily soils from surfaces such as showers, sinks, toilets,bathtubs, countertops, windows, mirrors, transportation vehicles,floors, and the like.

These surfaces can be those typified as “hard surfaces” (such as walls,floors, bed-pans).

A typical hard surface formulation at about 18% activity includesbetween about 40 wt. % and about 80 wt. % surfactant system, betweenabout 3 wt. % and about 18 wt. % water conditioning agent, between about0.1 wt. % and about 0.55 wt. % acid or alkalinitysource, between about 0wt. % and about 10 wt. % solvent and between about 10 wt. % and about 60wt. % water.

Particularly, the cleaning compositions include between about 45 wt. %and about 75 wt. % surfactant system, between about 0 wt. % and about 10wt. % optional cosurfactant, between about 5 wt. % and about 15 wt. %water conditioning agent, between about 0.3 wt. % and about 0.5 wt. %acid or alkalinity source, between about 0 and about 6 wt. % solvent andbetween about 15 wt. % and about 50 wt. % water. In other embodiments,similar intermediate concentrations and use concentrations may also bepresent in the cleaning compositions.

Additional Components

While not essential for the purposes of the present embodiments, thenon-limiting list of additional components illustrated hereinafter aresuitable for use in the instant compositions and may be desirablyincorporated in certain embodiments, for example to assist or enhancecleaning performance, for treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, orto modify the aesthetics of the cleaning composition as is the case withperfumes, colorants, dyes or the like. The precise nature of theseadditional components, and levels of incorporation thereof, will dependon the physical form of the composition and the nature of the cleaningoperation for which it is to be used. Suitable additional materialsinclude, but are not limited to, surfactants, builders, chelatingagents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, viscosity modifiers,dispersants, additional enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalyticmaterials, bleaches, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, sources ofhydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymeric dispersing agents,threshold inhibitors for hard water precipitation pigments, clay soilremoval/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes,fabric hueing agents, perfumes, structure elasticizing agents, fabricsofteners, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents, pigmentsantimicrobials, pH buffers, processing aids, active fluorescentwhitening ingredient, additional surfactants and mixtures thereof. Inaddition to the disclosure below, suitable examples of such otheradjuncts and levels of use are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,576,282,6,306,812 B1 and 6,326,348 B1 that are incorporated by reference.

As stated, the adjunct ingredients are not essential to Applicants'compositions. Thus, certain embodiments of Applicants' compositions donot contain additional materials. However, when one or more additionalmaterials are present, such one or more additional components may bepresent as detailed below:

The liquid detergent herein has a neat pH of from about 7 to about 13,or about 7 to about 9, or from about 7.2 to about 8.5, or from about 7.4to about 8.2. The detergent may contain a buffer and/or a pH-adjustingagent, including inorganic and/or organic alkalinity sources andacidifying agents such as water-soluble alkali metal, and/or alkaliearth metal salts of hydroxides, oxides, carbonates, bicarbonates,borates, silicates, phosphates, and/or metasilicates; or sodiumhydroxide, potassium hydroxide, pyrophosphate, orthophosphate,polyphosphate, and/or phosphonate. The organic alkalinity source hereinincludes a primary, secondary, and/or tertiary amine. The inorganicacidifying agent herein includes HF, HCl, HBr, HI, boric acid, sulfuricacid, phosphoric acid, and/or sulphonic acid; or boric acid. The organicacidifying agent herein includes substituted and substituted, branched,linear and/or cyclic C1-30 carboxylic acid.

Bleaching Agents—The cleaning compositions may comprise one or morebleaching agents. Suitable bleaching agents other than bleachingcatalysts include photobleaches, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide,sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids and mixtures thereof.In general, when a bleaching agent is used, the compositions maycomprise from about 0.1% to about 50% or even from about 0.1% to about25% bleaching agent by weight of the subject cleaning composition.Examples of suitable bleaching agents include: (1) preformed peracids:Suitable preformed peracids include, but are not limited to, compoundsselected from the group consisting of percarboxylic acids and salts,percarbonic acids and salts, perimidic acids and salts,peroxymonosulfuric acids and salts, for example, Oxzone®, and mixturesthereof. Suitable percarboxylic acids include hydrophobic andhydrophilic peracids having the formula R—(C—O)O—O-M wherein R is analkyl group, optionally branched, having, when the peracid ishydrophobic, from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or from 8 to 12 carbon atomsand, when the peracid is hydrophilic, less than 6 carbon atoms or evenless than 4 carbon atoms; and M is a counterion, for example, sodium,potassium or hydrogen; (2) sources of hydrogen peroxide, for example,inorganic perhydrate salts, including alkali metal salts such as sodiumsalts of perborate (usually mono- or tetra-hydrate), percarbonate,persulphate, perphosphate, persilicate salts and mixtures thereof. Inone aspect, the inorganic perhydrate salts are selected from the groupconsisting of sodium salts of perborate, percarbonate and mixturesthereof. When employed, inorganic perhydrate salts are typically presentin amounts of from 0.05 to 40 wt %, or 1 to 30 wt % of the overallcomposition and are typically incorporated into such compositions as acrystalline solid that may be coated. Suitable coatings include,inorganic salts such as alkali metal silicate, carbonate or borate saltsor mixtures thereof, or organic materials such as water-soluble ordispersible polymers, waxes, oils or fatty soaps; and (3) bleachactivators having R—(C—O)-L wherein R is an alkyl group, optionallybranched, having, when the bleach activator is hydrophobic, from 6 to 14carbon atoms, or from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and, when the bleachactivator is hydrophilic, less than 6 carbon atoms or even less than 4carbon atoms; and L is leaving group. Examples of suitable leavinggroups are benzoic acid and derivatives thereof—especially benzenesulphonate. Suitable bleach activators include dodecanoyl oxybenzenesulphonate, decanoyl oxybenzene sulphonate, decanoyl oxybenzoic acid orsalts thereof, 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoyloxybenzene sulphonate,tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) and nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate(NOBS). Suitable bleach activators are also disclosed in WO 98/17767.While any suitable bleach activator may be employed, in one aspect thesubject cleaning composition may comprise NOBS, TAED or mixturesthereof.

When present, the peracid and/or bleach activator is generally presentin the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 60 wt %, fromabout 0.5 to about 40 wt % or even from about 0.6 to about 10 wt % basedon the composition. One or more hydrophobic peracids or precursorsthereof may be used in combination with one or more hydrophilic peracidor precursor thereof.

The amounts of hydrogen peroxide source and peracid or bleach activatormay be selected such that the molar ratio of available oxygen (from theperoxide source) to peracid is from 1:1 to 35:1, or even 2:1 to 10:1.

Additional Surfactant—In some embodiments, the compositions include oneor more additional surfactants. Additional surfactants can be anionic,nonionic, cationic zwitterionic and can also include additional extendedchain surfactant as discussed herein.

The cleaning composition can contain an anionic surfactant componentthat includes a detersive amount of an anionic surfactant or a mixtureof anionic surfactants. In certain embodiments the anionic surfactantcan be an extended anionic surfactant. In some instances, thecompositions can further include an extended anionic surfactant. Anionicextended surfactants generally have the formulaR-[L]_(x)-[O—CH₂—CH₂]_(y)-M

where M is any ionic species such as carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates,and phosphates. A cationic species will generally also be present forcharge neutrality such as hydrogen, an alkali metal, alkaline earthmetal, ammonium and ammonium ions which may be substituted with one ormore organic groups.

Anionic surfactants are desirable in cleaning compositions because oftheir wetting and detersive properties. The anionic surfactants that canbe used include any anionic surfactant available in the cleaningindustry. Suitable groups of anionic surfactants include sulfonates andsulfates. Suitable surfactants that can be provided in the anionicsurfactant component include alkyl aryl sulfonates, secondary alkanesulfonates, alkyl methyl ester sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonates,alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, and alcohol sulfates.

Suitable alkyl aryl sulfonates that can be used in the cleaningcomposition can have an alkyl group that contains 6 to 24 carbon atomsand the aryl group can be at least one of benzene, toluene, and xylene.A suitable alkyl aryl sulfonate includes linear alkyl benzene sulfonate.A suitable linear alkyl benzene sulfonate includes linear dodecyl benzylsulfonate that can be provided as an acid that is neutralized to formthe sulfonate. Additional suitable alkyl aryl sulfonates include xylenesulfonate and cumene sulfonate.

Suitable alkane sulfonates that can be used in the cleaning compositioncan have an alkane group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms. Suitable alkanesulfonates that can be used include secondary alkane sulfonates. Asuitable secondary alkane sulfonate includes sodium C14-C17 secondaryalkyl sulfonate commercially available as Hostapur SAS from Clariant.

Suitable alkyl methyl ester sulfonates that can be used in the cleaningcomposition include those having an alkyl group containing 6 to 24carbon atoms. Suitable alpha olefin sulfonates that can be used in thecleaning composition include those having alpha olefin groups containing6 to 24 carbon atoms.

Suitable alkyl ether sulfates that can be used in the cleaningcomposition include those having between about 1 and about 10 repeatingalkoxy groups, between about 1 and about 5 repeating alkoxy groups. Ingeneral, the alkoxy group will contain between about 2 and about 4carbon atoms. A suitable alkoxy group is ethoxy. A suitable alkyl ethersulfate is sodium lauryl ether sulfate and is available under the nameSteol CS-460.

Suitable alkyl sulfates that can be used in the cleaning compositioninclude those having an alkyl group containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms.Suitable alkyl sulfates include, but are not limited to, sodium laurylsulfate and sodium lauryl/myristyl sulfate.

Suitable alcohol sulfates that can be used in the cleaning compositioninclude those having an alcohol group containing about 6 to about 24carbon atoms.

The anionic surfactant can be neutralized with an alkaline metal salt,an amine, or a mixture thereof. Suitable alkaline metal salts includesodium, potassium, and magnesium. Suitable amines includemonoethanolamine, triethanolamine, and monoisopropanolamine. If amixture of salts is used, a suitable mixture of alkaline metal salt canbe sodium and magnesium, and the molar ratio of sodium to magnesium canbe between about 3:1 and about 1:1.

The cleaning composition, when provided as a concentrate, can includethe additional anionic surfactant component in an amount sufficient toprovide a use composition having desired wetting and detersiveproperties after dilution with water. The concentrate can contain about0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, about 0.1 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %, about1.0 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, about 5 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, about 10wt. % to about 20 wt. %, 30 wt. %, about 0.5 wt. % to about 25 wt. %,and about 1 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, and similar intermediateconcentrations of the anionic surfactant.

The cleaning composition can contain a nonionic surfactant componentthat includes a detersive amount of nonionic surfactant or a mixture ofnonionic surfactants. Nonionic surfactants can be included in thecleaning composition to enhance grease removal properties. Although thesurfactant component can include a nonionic surfactant component, itshould be understood that the nonionic surfactant component can beexcluded from the detergent composition.

Additional nonionic surfactants that can be used in the compositioninclude polyalkylene oxide surfactants (also known as polyoxyalkylenesurfactants or polyalkylene glycol surfactants). Suitable polyalkyleneoxide surfactants include polyoxypropylene surfactants andpolyoxyethylene glycol surfactants. Suitable surfactants of this typeare synthetic organic polyoxypropylene (PO)-polyoxyethylene (EO) blockcopolymers. These surfactants include a di-block polymer comprising anEO block and a PO block, a center block of polyoxypropylene units (PO),and having blocks of polyoxyethylene grafted onto the polyoxypropyleneunit or a center block of EO with attached PO blocks. Further, thissurfactant can have further blocks of either polyoxyethylene orpolyoxypropylene in the molecules. A suitable average molecular weightrange of useful surfactants can be about 1,000 to about 40,000 and theweight percent content of ethylene oxide can be about 10-80 wt %. Someexamples of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers includethose having the following formulae:

wherein EO represents an ethylene oxide group, PO represents a propyleneoxide group, and x and y reflect the average molecular proportion ofeach alkylene oxide monomer in the overall block copolymer composition.In some embodiments, x is in the range of about 10 to about 130, y is inthe range of about 15 to about 70, and x plus y is in the range of about25 to about 200. It should be understood that each x and y in a moleculecan be different. In some embodiments, the total polyoxyethylenecomponent of the block copolymer can be in the range of at least about20 mol-% of the block copolymer and in some embodiments, in the range ofat least about 30 mol-% of the block copolymer. In some embodiments, thematerial can have a molecular weight greater than about 400, and in someembodiments, greater than about 500. For example, in some embodiments,the material can have a molecular weight in the range of about 500 toabout 7000 or more, or in the range of about 950 to about 4000 or more,or in the range of about 1000 to about 3100 or more, or in the range ofabout 2100 to about 6700 or more.

Although the exemplary polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymerstructures provided above have 3-8 blocks, it should be appreciated thatthe nonionic block copolymer surfactants can include more or less than 3or 8 blocks. In addition, the nonionic block copolymer surfactants caninclude additional repeating units such as butylene oxide repeatingunits. Furthermore, the nonionic block copolymer surfactants that can beused can be characterized heteric polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene blockcopolymers. Some examples of suitable block copolymer surfactantsinclude commercial products such as PLURONIC® and TETRONIC® surfactants,commercially available from BASF. For example, PLURONIC® 25-R2 is oneexample of a useful block copolymer surfactant commercially availablefrom BASF.

Other nonionic surfactants include alcohol alkoxylates. An suitablealcohol alkoxylate include linear alcohol ethoxylates such as Tomadol™1-5 which is a surfactant containing an alkyl group having 11 carbonatoms and 5 moles of ethylene oxide. Additional alcohol alkoxylatesinclude alkylphenol ethoxylates, branched alcohol ethoxylates, secondaryalcohol ethoxylates (e.g., Tergitol 15-S-7 from Dow Chemical), castoroil ethoxylates, alkylamine ethoxylates, tallow amine ethoxylates, fattyacid ethoxylates, sorbital oleate ethoxylates, end-capped ethoxylates,or mixtures thereof. Additional nonionic surfactants include amides suchas fatty alkanolamides, alkyldiethanolamides, coconut diethanolamide,lauric diethanolamide, polyethylene glycol cocoamide (e.g., PEG-6cocoamide), oleic diethanolamide, or mixtures thereof. Additionalsuitable nonionic surfactants include polyalkoxylated aliphatic base,polyalkoxylated amide, glycol esters, glycerol esters, amine oxides,phosphate esters, alcohol phosphate, fatty triglycerides, fattytriglyceride esters, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl esters, alkyl phenolethoxylate phosphate esters, alkyl polysaccharides, block copolymers,alkyl polyglucosides, or mixtures thereof.

When nonionic surfactants are included in the detergent compositionconcentrate, they can be included in an amount of at least about 0.1 wt.% and can be included in an amount of up to about 15 wt. %. Theconcentrate can include about 0.1 to 1.0 wt. %, about 0.5 wt. % to about12 wt. % or about 2 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the nonionic surfactant.

Amphoteric surfactants can also be used to provide desired detersiveproperties. Suitable amphoteric surfactants that can be used include,but are not limited to: betaines, imidazolines, and propionates.Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to:sultaines, amphopropionates, amphodipropionates, aminopropionates,aminodipropionates, amphoacetates, amphodiacetates, andamphohydroxypropylsulfonates.

When the detergent composition includes an amphoteric surfactant, theamphoteric surfactant can be included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % toabout 15 wt %. The concentrate can include about 0.1 wt % to about 1.0wt %, 0.5 wt % to about 12 wt % or about 2 wt % to about 10 wt % of theamphoteric surfactant.

The cleaning composition can contain a cationic surfactant componentthat includes a detersive amount of cationic surfactant or a mixture ofcationic surfactants. Cationic cosurfactants that can be used in thecleaning composition include, but are not limited to: amines such asprimary, secondary and tertiary monoamines with C18 alkyl or alkenylchains, ethoxylated alkylamines, alkoxylates of ethylenediamine,imidazoles such as a 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazoline, a2-alkyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazoline, and the like; and quaternaryammonium salts, as for example, alkylquaternary ammonium chloridesurfactants such as n-alkyl(C12-C18)dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride,n-tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride monohydrate, and anaphthylene-substituted quaternary ammonium chloride such asdimethyl-1-naphthylmethylammonium chloride.

Builders—The cleaning compositions may comprise one or more detergentbuilders or builder systems. When a builder is used, the subjectcomposition will typically comprise at least about 1%, from about 5% toabout 60% or even from about 10% to about 40% builder by weight of thesubject composition. The detergent may contain an inorganic or organicdetergent builder which counteracts the effects of calcium, or otherion, water hardness. Examples include the alkali metal citrates,succinates, malonates, carboxymethyl succinates, carboxylates,polycarboxylates and polyacetyl carboxylate; or sodium, potassium andlithium salts of oxydisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, benzenepolycarboxylic acids, and citric acid; or citric acid and citrate salts.Organic phosphonate type sequestering agents such as DEQUEST® byMonsanto and alkanehydroxy phosphonates are useful. Other organicbuilders include higher molecular weight polymers and copolymers, e.g.,polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, and polyacrylic/polymaleic acidcopolymers and their salts, such as SOKALAN® by BASF. Generally, thebuilder may be up to 30%, or from about 1% to about 20%, or from about3% to about 10%.

The compositions may also contain from about 0.01% to about 10%, or fromabout 2% to about 7%, or from about 3% to about 5% of a C8-20 fatty acidas a builder. The fatty acid can also contain from about 1 to about 10EO units. Suitable fatty acids are saturated and/or unsaturated and canbe obtained from natural sources such a plant or animal esters (e.g.,palm kernel oil, palm oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, safflower oil, talloil, tallow and fish oils, grease, and mixtures thereof), orsynthetically prepared (e.g., via the oxidation of petroleum or byhydrogenation of carbon monoxide via the Fisher Tropsch process). Usefulfatty acids are saturated C12 fatty acid, saturated C12-14 fatty acids,saturated or unsaturated C12-18 fatty acids, and a mixture thereof.Examples of suitable saturated fatty acids include captic, lauric,myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic and behenic acid. Suitableunsaturated fatty acids include: palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenicand ricinoleic acid.

Chelating Agents—The cleaning compositions herein may contain achelating agent. Suitable chelating agents include copper, iron and/ormanganese chelating agents and mixtures thereof. When a chelating agentis used, the subject composition may comprise from about 0.005% to about15% or even from about 3.0% to about 10% chelating agent by weight ofthe subject composition.

Dye Transfer Inhibiting Agents—The cleaning compositions may alsoinclude one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents. Suitable polymericdye transfer inhibiting agents include, but are not limited to,polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers ofN-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones andpolyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof. When present in a subjectcomposition, the dye transfer inhibiting agents may be present at levelsfrom about 0.0001% to about 10%, from about 0.01% to about 5% or evenfrom about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition.

Optical Brighteners—In some embodiments, an optical brightenercomponent, may be present in the compositions. The optical brightenercan include any brightener that is capable of eliminating graying andyellowing of fabrics. Typically, these substances attach to the fibersand bring about a brightening and simulated bleaching action byconverting invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible longer-wavelength light, the ultraviolet light absorbed from sunlight beingirradiated as a pale bluish fluorescence and, together with the yellowshade of the grayed or yellowed laundry, producing pure white.

Fluorescent compounds belonging to the optical brightener family aretypically aromatic or aromatic heterocyclic materials often containingcondensed ring systems. An important feature of these compounds is thepresence of an uninterrupted chain of conjugated double bonds associatedwith an aromatic ring. The number of such conjugated double bonds isdependent on substituents as well as the planarity of the fluorescentpart of the molecule. Most brightener compounds are derivatives ofstilbene or 4,4′-diamino stilbene, biphenyl, five membered heterocycles(triazoles, oxazoles, imidazoles, etc.) or six membered heterocycles(cumarins, naphthalamides, triazines, etc.).

Optical brighteners that may be included are known and commerciallyavailable. Commercial optical brighteners which may be useful can beclassified into subgroups, which include, but are not necessarilylimited to, derivatives of stilbene, pyrazoline, coumarin, carboxylicacid, methinecyanines, dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, azoles, 5- and6-membered-ring heterocycles and other miscellaneous agents. Examples ofthese types of brighteners are disclosed in “The Production andApplication of Fluorescent Brightening Agents”, M. Zahradnik, Publishedby John Wiley & Sons, New York (1982), the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference.

Stilbene derivatives which may be useful include, but are notnecessarily limited to, derivatives of bis(triazinyl)amino-stilbene;bisacylamino derivatives of stilbene; triazole derivatives of stilbene;oxadiazole derivatives of stilbene; oxazole derivatives of stilbene; andstyryl derivatives of stilbene. In an embodiment, optical brightenersinclude stilbene derivatives.

In some embodiments, the optical brightener includes Tinopal UNPA, whichis commercially available through the Ciba Geigy Corporation located inSwitzerland.

Additional optical brighteners for use include, but are not limited to,the classes of substance of 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acids(flavonic acids), 4,4′-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones,coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides,benzoxazol, benzisoxazol and benzimidazol systems, and pyrenederivatives substituted by heterocycles, and the like. Suitable opticalbrightener levels include lower levels of from about 0.01, from about0.05, from about 0.1 or even from about 0.2 wt % to upper levels of 0.5or even 0.75 wt %.

Alkalinity Source—In an embodiment the detergent compositions includesan alkalinity source. The source of alkalinity can be any source ofalkalinity that is compatible with the other components of the detergentcomposition and that will provide a use solution with the desired pH.One or more alkaline sources can be used to enhance cleaning of asubstrate and improve soil removal performance of the detergentcomposition. Examples of suitable alkalinity sources for the detergentcompositions include, but are not limited to alkali metal carbonates,alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal salts, and mixtures thereof.Exemplary alkali metal hydroxides that can be used include, but are notlimited to sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide.Exemplary alkali metal carbonates that can be used include, but are notlimited to: sodium or potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate,and/or mixtures thereof. Exemplary alkali metal salts include forexample sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and mixtures thereof. Inan embodiment, an alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and/oralkali metal salt may be added to the composition in any form known inthe art, including as solid beads, dissolved in an aqueous solution, ora combination thereof. In a preferred aspect, the alkalinity source isan alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide. In an aspect, thedetergent compositions include from about 20 wt-%-80 wt-% alkalinity,from about 30 wt-%-80 wt-% alkalinity, from about 40 wt-%-70 wt-%alkalinity, preferably from about 40 wt-%-60 wt-% alkalinity. Withoutbeing limited, all ranges recited are inclusive of the numbers definingthe range and include each integer within the defined range.

Dispersants—The compositions can also contain dispersants. Suitablewater-soluble organic materials include the homo- or co-polymeric acidsor their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least twocarboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbonatoms.

Enzymes—The cleaning compositions can comprise one or more enzymes whichprovide cleaning performance and/or fabric care benefits. Enzymes can beincluded herein for a wide variety of fabric laundering purposes,including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, ortriglyceride-based stains, for example, and/or for fabric restoration.Examples of suitable enzymes include, but are not limited to,hemicellulases, peroxidases, proteases, cellulases, xylanases, lipases,phospholipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratinases,reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases,pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, β-glucanases,arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, laccase, amylases, orcombinations thereof and may be of any suitable origin. The choice ofenzyme(s) takes into account factors such as pH-activity, stabilityoptima, thermostability, stability versus active detergents, chelants,builders, etc. A detersive enzyme mixture useful herein is a protease,lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with amylase. Sampledetersive enzymes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,839.

Enzymes are normally present at up to about 5 mg, more typically fromabout 0.01 mg to about 3 mg by weight of active enzyme per gram of thedetergent. Stated another way, the detergent herein will typicallycontain from about 0.001% to about 5%, or from about 0.01% to about 2%,or from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of a commercial enzymepreparation. Protease enzymes are present at from about 0.005 to about0.1 AU of activity per gram of detergent. Proteases useful hereininclude those like subtilisins from Bacillus [e.g. subtilis, lentus,licheniformis, amyloliquefaciens (BPN, BPN′), alcalophilus,]e.g.Esperase®, Alcalase®, Everlase® and Savinase® (Novozymes), BLAP andvariants (Henkel). Further proteases are described in EP 130756, WO91/06637, WO 95/10591 and WO 99/20726.

Amylases are described in GB Pat. #1 296 839, WO 94/02597 and WO96/23873; and available as Purafect Ox Am® (Genencor), Termamyl®,Natalase®, Ban®, Fungamyl®, Duramyl® (all Novozymes), and RAPIDASE(International Bio-Synthetics, Inc).

The cellulase herein includes bacterial and/or fungal cellulases with apH optimum between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,435,307 to Barbesgoard, et al., issued Mar. 6, 1984.Cellulases useful herein include bacterial or fungal cellulases, e.g.produced by Humicola insolens, particularly DSM 1800, e.g. 50 kD and −43kD (Carezyyme®). Additional suitable cellulases are the EGIII cellulasesfrom Trichoderma longibrachiatum. WO 02/099091 by Novozymes describes anenzyme exhibiting endo-beta-glucanase activity (EC 3.2.1.4) endogenousto Bacillus sp., DSM 12648; for use in detergent and textileapplications; and an anti-redeposition endoglucanase in WO 04/053039.Kao's EP 265 832 describes alkaline cellulase K, CMCase I and CMCase IIisolated from a culture product of Bacillus sp KSM-635. Kao furtherdescribes in EP 1 350 843 (KSM 5237; 1139; KSM 64; KSM N131), EP 265832A (KSM 635, FERM BP 1485) and EP 0 271 044 A (KSM 534, FERM BP 1508;KSM 539, FERM BP 1509; KSM 577, FERM BP 1510; KSM 521, FERM BP 1507; KSM580, FERM BP 1511; KSM 588, FERM BP 1513; KSM 597, FERM BP 1514; KSM522, FERM BP 1512; KSM 3445, FERM BP 1506; KSM 425. FERM BP 1505)readily-mass producible and high activity alkalinecellulases/endo-glucanases for an alkaline environment. Suchendoglucanase may contain a polypeptide (or variant thereof) endogenousto one of the above Bacillus species. Other suitable cellulases areFamily 44 Glycosyl Hydrolase enzymes exhibiting endo-beta-1,4-glucanaseactivity from Paenibacilus polyxyma (wild-type) such as XYG1006described in WO 01/062903 or variants thereof. Carbohydrases usefulherein include e.g. mannanase (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,060,299),pectate lyase (see, e.g., WO99/27083), cyclomaltodextringlucanotransferase (see, e.g., WO96/33267), and/or xyloglucanase (see,e.g., WO99/02663). Bleaching enzymes useful herein with enhancersinclude e.g. peroxidases, laccases, oxygenases, lipoxygenase (see, e.g.,WO 95/26393), and/or (non-heme) haloperoxidases.

Suitable endoglucanases include: 1) An enzyme exhibitingendo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity (E.C. 3.2.1.4), with a sequence atleast 90%, or at least 94%, or at least 97% or at least 99%, or 100%identity to the amino acid sequence of positions 1-773 of SEQ ID NO:2 inWO 02/099091; or a fragment thereof that has endo-beta-1,4-glucanaseactivity. GAP in the GCG program determines identity using a GAPcreation penalty of 3.0 and GAP extension penalty of 0.1. See WO02/099091 by Novozymes A/S on Dec. 12, 2002, e.g., Celluclean™ byNovozymes A/S. GCG refers to sequence analysis software package(Accelrys, San Diego, Calif., USA). GCG includes a program called GAPwhich uses the Needleman and Wunsch algorithm to find the alignment oftwo complete sequences that maximizes the number of matches andminimizes the number of gaps; and 2) Alkaline endoglucanase enzymesdescribed in EP 1 350 843A published by Kao on Oct. 8, 2003([0011]-[0039] and examples 1-4).

Suitable lipases include those produced by Pseudomonas and Chromobacter,and LIPOLASE®, LIPOLASE ULTRA®, LIPOPRIME® and LIPEX® from Novozymes.See also Japanese Patent Application 53-20487, laid open on Feb. 24,1978, available from Areario Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan,under the trade name Lipase P “Amano”. Other commercial lipases includeAmano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, available from Toyo JozoCo., Tagata, Japan; and Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S.Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Diosynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipasesex Pseudomonas gladioli. Also suitable are cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] andesterases.

Enzymes useful for liquid detergent formulations, and theirincorporation into such formulations, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,261,868 to Hora, et al., issued Apr. 14, 1981. In an embodiment, theliquid composition herein is substantially free of (i.e. contains nomeasurable amount of) wild-type protease enzymes. A typical combinationis an enzyme cocktail that may comprise, for example, a protease andlipase in conjunction with amylase. When present in a cleaningcomposition, the aforementioned additional enzymes may be present atlevels from about 0.00001% to about 2%, from about 0.0001% to about 1%or even from about 0.001% to about 0.5% enzyme protein by weight of thecomposition.

Enzyme Stabilizers—Enzymes for use in detergents can be stabilized byvarious techniques. The enzymes employed herein can be stabilized by thepresence of water-soluble sources of calcium and/or magnesium ions inthe finished compositions that provide such ions to the enzymes. In caseof aqueous compositions comprising protease, a reversible proteaseinhibitor, such as a boron compound, can be added to further improvestability.

A useful enzyme stabilizer system is a calcium and/or magnesiumcompound, boron compounds and substituted boric acids, aromatic borateesters, peptides and peptide derivatives, polyols, low molecular weightcarboxylates, relatively hydrophobic organic compounds [e.g. certainesters, diakyl glycol ethers, alcohols or alcohol alkoxylates], alkylether carboxylate in addition to a calcium ion source, benzamidinehypochlorite, lower aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids,N,N-bis(carboxymethyl) serine salts; (meth)acrylic acid-(meth)acrylicacid ester copolymer and PEG; lignin compound, polyamide oligomer,glycolic acid or its salts; poly hexa methylene bi guanide orN,N-bis-3-amino-propyl-dodecyl amine or salt; and mixtures thereof. Thedetergent may contain a reversible protease inhibitor e.g., peptide orprotein type, or a modified subtilisin inhibitor of family VI and theplasminostrepin; leupeptin, peptide trifluoromethyl ketone, or a peptidealdehyde. Enzyme stabilizers are present from about 1 to about 30, orfrom about 2 to about 20, or from about 5 to about 15, or from about 8to about 12, millimoles of stabilizer ions per liter.

Catalytic Metal Complexes—Applicants' cleaning compositions may includecatalytic metal complexes. One type of metal-containing bleach catalystis a catalyst system comprising a transition metal cation of definedbleach catalytic activity, such as copper, iron, titanium, ruthenium,tungsten, molybdenum, or manganese cations, an auxiliary metal cationhaving little or no bleach catalytic activity, such as zinc or aluminumcations, and a sequestrate having defined stability constants for thecatalytic and auxiliary metal cations, particularlyethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) and water-soluble saltsthereof. Such catalysts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,430,243.

If desired, the compositions herein can be catalyzed by means of amanganese compound. Such compounds and levels of use are well known inthe art and include, for example, the manganese-based catalystsdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,576,282.

Cobalt bleach catalysts useful herein are known, and are described, forexample, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,597,936; 5,595,967. Such cobalt catalystsare readily prepared by known procedures, such as taught for example inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,597,936, and 5,595,967.

Compositions herein may also suitably include a transition metal complexof ligands such as bispidones (WO 05/042532 A1) and/or macropolycyclicrigid ligands—abbreviated as “MRLs”. As a practical matter, and not byway of limitation, the compositions and processes herein can be adjustedto provide on the order of at least one part per hundred million of theactive MRL species in the aqueous washing medium, and will typicallyprovide from about 0.005 ppm to about 25 ppm, from about 0.05 ppm toabout 10 ppm, or even from about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm, of the MRL inthe wash liquor.

Suitable transition-metals in the instant transition-metal bleachcatalyst include, for example, manganese, iron and chromium. SuitableMRLs include 5,12-diethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane.

Suitable transition metal MRLs are readily prepared by known procedures,such as taught for example in WO 00/32601, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,464.

Solvents—Suitable solvents include water and other solvents such aslipophilic fluids. Examples of suitable lipophilic fluids includesiloxanes, other silicones, hydrocarbons, glycol ethers, glycerinederivatives such as glycerine ethers, perfluorinated amines,perfluorinated and hydrofluoroether solvents, low-volatilitynonfluorinated organic solvents, diol solvents, otherenvironmentally-friendly solvents and mixtures thereof. In someembodiments, the solvent includes water. The water can include waterfrom any source including deionized water, tap water, softened water,and combinations thereof. Solvents are typically present at from about0.1% to about 50%, or from about 0.5% to about 35%, or from about 1% toabout 15% by weight.

Form of the Compositions

The detergent compositions may be of any suitable form, including paste,liquid, solid (such as tablets, powder/granules), foam or gel, withpowders and tablets being preferred. The composition may be in the formof a unit dose product, i.e. a form which is designed to be used as asingle portion of detergent composition in a washing operation. Ofcourse, one or more of such single portions may be used in a cleaningoperation.

Solid forms include, for example, in the form of a tablet, rod, ball orlozenge. The composition may be a particulate form, loose or pressed toshape or may be formed by injection moulding or by casting or byextrusion. The composition may be encased in a water soluble wrapping,for, example of PVOH or a cellulosic material. The solid product may beprovided as a portioned product as desired.

The composition may also be in paste, gel or liquid form, including unitdose (portioned products) products. Examples include a paste, gel orliquid product at least partially surrounded by, and preferablysubstantially enclosed in a water-soluble coating, such as a polyvinylalcohol package. This package may for instance take the form of acapsule, a pouch or a moulded casing (such as an injection mouldedcasing) etc. Preferably the composition is substantially surrounded bysuch a package, most preferably totally surrounded by such a package.Any such package may contain one or more product formats as referred toherein and the package may contain one or more compartments as desired,for example two, three or four compartments.

If the composition is a foam, a liquid or a gel it is preferably anaqueous composition although any suitable solvent may be used. Accordingto an embodiment the composition is in the form of a tablet, mostespecially a tablet made from compressed particulate material.

If the compositions are in the form of a viscous liquid or gel theypreferably have a viscosity of at least 50 mPas when measured with aBrookfield RV Viscometer at 25° C. with Spindle 1 at 30 rpm.

The compositions will typically be used by placing them in a detergentdispenser e.g. in a dishwasher machine draw or free standing dispensingdevice in an automatic dishwashing machine, laundry machine etc.However, if the composition is in the form of a foam, liquid or gel thenit may be applied to by any additional suitable means into thedishwashing machine, for example by a trigger spray, squeeze bottle oran aerosol.

Processes of Making Cleaning Compositions

The compositions may be made by any suitable method depending upon theirformat. Suitable manufacturing methods for detergent compositions arewell known in the art, non-limiting examples of which are described inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,879,584; 5,691,297; 5,574,005; 5,569,645; 5,565,422;5,516,448; 5,489,392; and 5,486,303. Various techniques for formingdetergent compositions in solid forms are also well known in the art,for example, detergent tablets may be made by compactinggranular/particular material and may be used herein.

In one aspect, the liquid detergent compositions disclosed herein may beprepared by combining the components thereof in any convenient order andby mixing, e.g., agitating, the resulting component combination to forma phase stable liquid detergent composition. In one aspect, a liquidmatrix is formed containing at least a major proportion, or evensubstantially all, of the liquid components, with the liquid componentsbeing thoroughly admixed by imparting shear agitation to this liquidcombination. For example, rapid stirring with a mechanical stirrer mayusefully be employed. While shear agitation is maintained, substantiallyall of any anionic surfactant and the solid ingredients can be added.Agitation of the mixture is continued, and if necessary, can beincreased at this point to form a solution or a uniform dispersion ofinsoluble solid phase particulates within the liquid phase. After someor all of the solid-form materials have been added to this agitatedmixture, particles of any enzyme material to be included, e.g., enzymeprills are incorporated. As a variation of the composition preparationprocedure described above, one or more of the solid components may beadded to the agitated mixture as a solution or slurry of particlespremixed with a minor portion of one or more of the liquid components.After addition of all of the composition components, agitation of themixture is continued for a period of time sufficient to formcompositions having the requisite viscosity and phase stabilitycharacteristics. Frequently this will involve agitation for a period offrom about 30 to 60 minutes.

Solid formulations may be made advantageously by pressing the solidcomposition. Specifically, in a forming process, the liquid and solidcomponents are introduced into the final mixing system and arecontinuously mixed until the components form a substantially homogeneoussemi-solid mixture in which the components are distributed throughoutits mass. In an exemplary embodiment, the components are mixed in themixing system for at least approximately 5 seconds. The mixture is thendischarged from the mixing system into, or through, a die, press orother shaping means. The product is then packaged. In an exemplaryembodiment, the solid formed composition begins to harden betweenapproximately 1 minute and approximately 3 hours. Particularly, theformed composition begins to harden in between approximately 1 minuteand approximately 2 hours. More particularly, the formed compositionbegins to harden in between approximately 1 minute and approximately 20minutes.

In yet another embodiment, a single- or twin-screw extruder may be usedto combine and mix one or more components agents at high shear to form ahomogeneous mixture. In some embodiments, the processing temperature isat or below the melting temperature of the components. The processedmixture may be dispensed from the mixer by pressing, forming, extrudingor other suitable means, whereupon the composition hardens to a solidform. The structure of the matrix may be characterized according to itshardness, melting point, material distribution, crystal structure, andother like properties according to known methods in the art. Generally,a solid composition processed is substantially homogeneous with regardto the distribution of ingredients throughout its mass and isdimensionally stable.

The present disclosure is more particularly described in the followingexamples that are intended as illustrations only, since numerousmodifications and variations within the scope of the present embodimentswill be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise noted,all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examplesare on a weight basis, and all reagents used in the examples wereobtained, or are available, from the chemical suppliers described below,or may be synthesized by conventional techniques. All references citedherein are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.

EXAMPLES Example 1: Optimized Guerbet C10 Extended Surfactants

Tables 1 and 2 summarize the structures of the series of optimizedGuerbet C10 extended surfactants, their cloud points, and the range oftemperatures they can form low viscoelasticity, very flowable, singlephase bi-continuous microemulsions with soybean oil.

TABLE 2 Cloud point of Extended Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates with 8 molesPO PO EO 1% mols mols Cloud F. Extended AE 2 8 3 15.6 60 Extended AE 3 86 47.8 118 Extended AE 4 8 8 67.1 153 Extended AE 5 8 10 81.1 178

TABLE 3 Microemulsion of Extended Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates with 8moles PO Exp1 Exp2 Exp3 Exp4 Exp5 Exp6 Exp7 Exp8 Exp9 Exp10 Exp11 Exp12Soybean Oil 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Water 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5Extended AE 2 3 4 5 — — — — — — — — — Extended AE 3 — — — 3 4 5 — — — —— — Extended AE 4 — — — — — — 3 4 5 — — — Extended AE 5 — — — — — — — —— 3 4 5 Microemulsion 90- 90- 160- 160- 160- 180- 185- 190- 190- Temp 8080 138 120 120 150 140 170 165

Example 2: Tergometer Tests

Test procedure: a red or white napkin towel was deposited with 10 μl oildrop (olive oil, Crisco oil, and corn oil) on its surface (FIG. 1 ).Multiple oil drops could be put on each napkin. The samples were soakedwith 1 L Di-water with various surfactant concentrations and washed atsetting temperatures for 20 minutes in a tergotomer. Then the sampleswere rinsed with tap water at room temperature unless other conditionsare indicated. A visual inspection was performed after the samples wereironed dried.

New napkin sample: new opened napkin sample without previous test.

Old napkin sample: clean napkin sample, might be tested before.

Previously tested sample: tested samples with clearly visible oilresidue.

TABLE 4 Tergometer Test 1 Test Conditions: 120° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantNarrow range Extended Extended Extended ECO-40: None (Total L24-3:Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant Pluronic 10R5 weight 2 g) L24-7C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO8 C10PO8EO6: 2:1 C10PO8EO8 1:1 Solution Less cloudy,Cloudy Most cloudy Cloudy Clear Clear Appearance fine foam RinseManually rinsed with grain 5 tap water at room temperature ProcedureRemoval Less visible More visible Visible Less Visible More visible Mostvisible Result (Oil residue spot)

TABLE 5 Tergometer Test 2 Test Conditions: 140° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantNarrow range Extended Extended Extended Extended None (Total L24-3:Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant weight 2 g) L24-7 C10PO8EO6C10PO8EO8 C10PO8EO6: C10PO8EO10 2:1 C10PO8EO8 1:1 Solution Cloudy, Mostcloudy Less cloudy Cloudy Less cloudy clear Appearance foam RinseManually rinsed with grain 5 tap water at room temperature ProcedureRemoval Less visible, Less visible Less visible Visible Visible Mostvisible Result one olive (Oil residue residue spot) disappeared

TABLE 6 Tergometer Test 3 Test Conditions: 170° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantNarrow range Extended Extended Extended Extended Narrow range (TotalL24-3: Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant L24-7: weight 2 g)L24-7 C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO8 C10PO8EO6: C10PO8EO10 C10PO8EO8 2:1 C10PO8EO81:1 Solution Less cloudy Less cloudy Less cloudy Most cloudy CloudyCloudy Appearance Rinse Manually rinsed with grain 5 tap water at roomtemperature Procedure Removal Visible No residue Less Visible No residueVisible Less Visible Result (Oil residue spot)

TABLE 7 Tergometer Test 4 Test Conditions: 155° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantNarrow range Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended (Total L24-3:Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant Surfactant weight 2 g) L24-7C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO8 C10PO8EO6: C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO6: 2:1 C10PO8EO8C10PO8EO3 1:1 1:1 Solution Less cloudy Most cloudy Less cloudy Mostcloudy cloudy Most cloudy Appearance Rinse Manually rinsed with grain 5tap water at room temperature Procedure Removal Visible Visible VisibleVisible Reverse Visible Result residue area (Oil residue spot)

Reverse residue area: oil part has lighter color with less waterspreadability compared with non-oil surface.

TABLE 8 Tergometer Test 5 Test Conditions: 170° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantNarrow range Extended Extended Extended Extended Narrow range (TotalL24-7: C10PO8EO3 + C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO6: C10PO8EO3 L24-7: weight 2 g)Extended 0.1 g C10PO8EO8 Extended C10PO8EO3 Acumer 1000 1:1 C10PO8EO61:1 1:1 New napkin samples used Solution Cloudy Less cloudy Less cloudyMost cloudy Less cloudy Less cloudy Appearance Rinse Manually rinsedwith grain 5 tap water at room temperature Procedure Removal VisibleReverse Visible Visible Reverse Visible Result residue sign residue area(Oil residue spot)

ACUMER 1000 is a low molecular weight polyacrylate with a selectedmolecular weight around 2000

The extended surfactant C10(PO)₈(EO)_(n) (n=3,6,8,10) has a higherremoval efficiency than the mixture of narrow range L24-7 and L24-3(Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate, 7 Mol Ethoxylated C 12-14 Linear Alcohol))under the same conditions.

Tests 3 and 5 showed that under exactly the same conditions, the oilresidue was more difficult to be removed from the new napkin surface.The new napkin sample felt more rigid than the used one.

TABLE 9 Tergometer Test 6 Test Conditions: 170° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended Extended Extended Extended PEG40: (Total C10PO8EO3C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO6: C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO6 Pluronic 10R5 weight 2 g)C10PO8EO3 1:1 Note No oil pre-spot new napkin Pre-soak at on napkinsample 180° F. for 15 surface, new minutes napkin napkin sample sampleSolution N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Appearance Rinse Manually rinsed withgrain 5 tap water at room temperature Procedure Removal Most surfaceLess visible Reverse Reverse All Crisco Most visible Result appeareddark residue sign residue sign drops visible, (Oil residue removed 3spot) corn oil and 1 olive drops

TABLE 10 Tergometer Test 7 Test Conditions: 170° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended Extended Extended Extended none (Total C10PO8EO6C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO6: weight 2 g) Tomanine DA-17 3:1Note Previously tested samples Solution N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/AAppearance Rinse Manually rinsed with grain 5 tap water at roomtemperature Procedure Removal No residue No residue No residue Noresidue Less visible Visible Result (Oil residue spot)

TABLE 11 Tergometer Test 8 Test Conditions: 170° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended (Total C10PO8EO6C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO6 C10PO8EO6 weight 2 g) NotePre-soak at new napkin Old napkin Pre-soak at new napkin Old napkin 180°F. for 15 sample sample 180° F. for 15 sample sample minutes napkinminutes napkin sample sample Solution N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A AppearanceRinse Manually rinsed with grain 5 tap water at room temperatureProcedure Removal Visible Visible No residue Visible Visible No residueResult (Oil residue spot)

TABLE 12 Tergometer Test 9 Test Conditions: 140° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended (Total C10PO8EO3:C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: weight 2 g) DA-17DA-17 DA-17 DA-17 DA-17 DA-17 3:2 3:2 3:2 3:2 3:2 3:2 Note Pre-soak atnew napkin new napkin old napkin old napkin old napkin 180° F. for 15sample with sample with sample with sample with sample with minutesnapkin 0 grain water 17 grain water 0 grain water 17 grain water 5 grainwater sample with 0 grain water Solution N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/AAppearance Rinse Manually rinsed with grain 5 tap water at roomtemperature Procedure

In test 9, most oil residues were invisible or very light. However, forsome samples re-rinsed with ice-cold water, the normal oil residue spotsre-appeared.

TABLE 13 Tergometer Test 10 Test Conditions: 80° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Surfactant ExtendedExtended Extended Extended None (Total C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3:C10PO8EO3: weight 2 g) Lutensol TO3 DA-17 SLES 1:1 1:1 Note Twopreviously tested napkin samples Solution Cloudy Less cloudy Less cloudyCloudy Small Foam Appearance Rinse Manually rinsed with grain 5 tapwater at room temperature Procedure Removal One sample One sample withTwo Two Two Result showed reverse dark surface, samples samples samples(Oil residue residue, one sample with with visible with visible withvisible spot) one sample with some oil residue residue residue residuedark surface

TABLE 14 Tergometer Test 11 Test Conditions: 80° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantTergitol Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended 15-S-7 C10PO8EO3C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: Extended 1 gram 0.5 gramPEG400 SLES Tergital C10PO8EO3 1:1 1:1 15-S-7 2 gram 2 gram 2 gram 1:1 2gram Note One previously tested napkin sample and one white napkinsample deposited with dyed olive oil Solution Cloudy Most cloudy CloudyCloudy Less cloudy Cloudy Appearance Rinse Manually rinsed with grain 5tap water at room temperature Procedure Removal White napkin: Whitenapkin: White napkin: White napkin: White napkin: White napkin: Resulttiny red spots Visible. Visible. less Visible. less Visible. lestvisible. (Oil residue around the Red napkin: Red napkin: Red napkin: Rednapkin: Red napkin: spot) original residue less visible, dark surface.less dark visible oil dark surface indicating closed to surface. residuereposition of sample 6. oil on surface. Red napkin: dark surface

TABLE 15 Tergometer Test 12 Test Conditions: 80° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantTergitol Extended Extended Extended Tergitol Extended (Total 15-S-7C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: 15-S-7 C10PO8EO3: weight 2 g) TergitolTergitol Tergitol 1 gram PEG400 15-S-7 15-S-7 15-S-7 3:1 1:3 1:1 3:1Note One previously tested napkin samples Solution Less cloudy CloudyCloudy Cloudy Less cloudy Most cloudy Appearance Rinse Manually rinsedwith grain 5 tap water at room temperature Procedure Removal VisibleVisible Less Visible Visible Visible Dark surface Result (Oil residuespot) Tergitol 15-S-7 is a secondary alcohol ethoxylate

TABLE 16 Tergometer Test 13 Test Conditions: 87 F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Surfactant ExtendedExtended Extended Extended Extended C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3:C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: PEG400 Acusol 505N Acusol 505N Acrylic acid glycolether 1:1 1:3 1:1 (RM#251091) 1:1 2 gram 4 gram 2 gram 1:1 2 gram 2 gramSolution Less cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Less cloudy Cloudy Appearance RinseManually rinsed with grain 5 tap water at room temperature ProcedureRemoval Dark surface Visible Visible Dark surface Dark surface Result(Oil residue spot)

TABLE 17 Tergometer Test 14 Test Conditions: 140° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Surfactant ExtendedExtended Extended Extended Extended (Total C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3:C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: weight 2 g) PEG400 Acusol 505N DA-17:DA-17: DA17 1:1 1:1 PEG400 Acusol 505N 1:1 1:0.5:0.5 1:0.5:1 SolutionCloudy Most Cloudy Less cloudy White Cloudy Appearance participation atstart Rinse Manually rinsed with grain 5 tap water at room temperatureProcedure Removal Reverse Visible Slight reverse Reverse Visible Resultresidue residue residue (Oil residue spot) Accusol 550 N is anacrylic-maleic acid copolymer

TABLE 18 Tergometer Test 15 Test Conditions: 120° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended Extended Extended Lutensol TO3: Lutensol TO3: (TotalC10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: PEG 400 DA-17 weight 2 g)PEG400 PEG400 DA-17: DA-17 1:1 1:1 1:1 0.7:1.3 PEG400 1:1 0.8:0.4:0.8Solution N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Appearance Rinse Manually rinsed withgrain 5 tap water at room temperature Procedure Removal Reverse Reversecorn Slight dark Dark surface Dark surface Dark surface Result residueoil area, other surface (Oil residue part dark spot) Lutensol ® TO 3 isa nonionic surfactant, based on a saturated iso-C13-alcohol. TomaminieDa-17 is a Ether diamine surfactant

TABLE 19 Tergometer Test 16 Test Conditions: ice-cold water, 20 minutes,speed 96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6Surfactant Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended ExtendedC10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO3 2 gram 1gram 0.5 gram PEG 400 2 gram 0.5 gram 1:1 2 gram Note previously testednapkin samples New deposited samples Rinse Manually rinsed with ice-coldwater Procedure Removal Light visible No residue, Visible Less visibleLess visible Most visible Result residue with dark surface residueresidue residue residue with (Oil residue bright bright spot)surrounding surrounding area area

TABLE 20 Tergometer Test 17 Test Conditions: 170° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantX-AES: Extended Extended First Extended Lutensol TO3: Extended (TotalDA-17 C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3 PEG 400 C10PO8EO6: weight 2 g) 1:1DA-17 PEG 400 1 gram: 1:1 DA-17 1:1 1:1 10 minutes later: 3:2 PEG 400 1gram Solution Most cloudy Less cloudy Less cloudy Cloudy Less cloudyCloudy Appearance Rinse Manually rinsed with ice-cold water ProcedureRemoval Most visible Visible Visible Visible Visible No residue, Resultalso removed (Oil residue ball-pen spot) marker

TABLE 21 Tergometer Test 18 Test Conditions: 110° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended C10PO8EO3C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO6 1 gram C10PO8EO6 1gram Tween 20 C10PO8EO6 1 gram 1 gram:0.4 1 gram:1 1 gram:0.3 gram gramgram Solution NA Appearance Rinse 110° F. water 110° F. water 110° F.110° F. water 110° F. water 110° F. Procedure Tween 20 Tween 80 1 gram 1gram Removal Dark surface Dark surface Reverse Visible Reverse ReverseResult residue residue residue (Oil residue spot)

TABLE 22 Tergometer Test 19 Test Condition: 120° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended X-AES: Extended Extended Extended C10PO8EO3:C10PO8EO3: DA-17 C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO6: Pluronic N3 C10PO8EO104.3 gram:1 at pH 9 1 gram Pluronic N3 1 gram:0.1 1.1 gram:0.4 gram 1.1gram:0.2 gram gram gram Solution NA Appearance Rinse Rinse at 120° F. 10minutes Procedure Removal Light surface Light surface Dark surfaceMedium Medium Medium Result dark surface dark surface dark surface (Oilresidue spot) Re-rinse Ice-cold water Removal Slight reverse No residueReverse Reverse Most reverse No residue Result residue residue residueresidue (Oil residue spot) Pluronic N3 is an ethylene oxide/propyleneblock copolymer

TABLE 23 Tergometer Test 20 Test Conditions: 120° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended C10PO8EO3:C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: Pluronic 10R5Pluronic N3 Pluronic 25R2 C10PO8EO10 Pluronic 25R4 C10PO8EO10 1 gram:0.21 gram:0.2 1 gram:0.2 0.8 gram:0.4 1 gram:0.2 0.6 gram:0.6 gram gramgram gram gram gram Note Old napkin samples Rinse 5 grain water 120° F.10 minutes Procedure Removal No residue No residue Light visible Lightvisible No residue Light visible Result residue residue residue (Oilresidue spot) Re-rinse Cold-water rinse Removal Similar with 120° F.except the whole napkin surface slightly turned bright Result Pluronic10R5 is a Poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethyleneglycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol) Pluronic 25R4 and !5R2 aredifunctional block copolymer surfactants with terminal secondaryhydroxyl groups

TABLE 24 Tergometer Test 21 Test Conditions: 120° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended C10PO8EO3:C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO10 C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO10C10PO8EO10 1.2 gram 1.2 gram Pluronic 25R4 Pluronic N3 0.8 gram:0.4 0.7gram:0.5 1 gram:0.2 1 gram:0.2 gram gram gram gram Note New napkinsamples (compared with Test 20) Rinse 5 grain water 120° F. 10 minutesProcedure Removal Visible Visible Dark surface Visible Dark surface Darksurface Result (Oil residue spot) Re-rinse Cold-water rinse RemovalVisible Visible Visible Visible No residue, No residue, Result lightsurface light surface

Tests 20 (FIG. 3 ) and 21 (FIG. 4 ) show that under exactly the sameconditions, the oil residue was more difficult to be removed from thenew napkin surface. Also, extended surfactant C10PO8EO3 mixed withpluronic N3 or 25R4 (one component within N3) had a better result thanC10PO8EO3 alone.

TABLE 25 Tergometer Test 22 Test Conditions: 120° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantPluronic N3 Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended 1.2 gramC10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3 C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: Pluronic N3Pluronic 25R4 1.2 gram Pluronic N3 Pluronic N3 1 gram:0.2 1 gram:0.2 1gram:0.2 1 gram:0.2 gram gram gram gram Note One new napkin and one oldnapkin sample Previously White napkin tested sample sample Rinse 5 grainwater 120° F. 10 minutes Procedure Removal Visible Dark surface Darksurface Slight visible No residue No residue Result residue on of new ofnew residue on (Oil residue both napkin napkin and napkin and newnapkin, spot) samples reverse reverse reverse residue on residue onresidue on old napkin old napkin old napkin Re-rinse Ice-cold waterrinse Removal Visible Visible Visible Visible No residue, No residue,Result residue on residue on residue on residue on light surface lightsurface both napkin new napkin and new napkin and new napkin and samplesno residue on no residue on no residue on old napkin old napkin oldnapkin

TABLE 26 Tergometer Test 23 Test Conditions: 120° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 SurfactantExtended Extended Extended Narrow range Narrow range Narrow rangeC10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: L24-7 L24-7: L24-7: Pluronic N3Pluronic N3 Pluronic N3 1.2 gram Pluronic N3 Pluronic N3 1 gram:0.2 1gram:0.2 2 gram:0.4 1 gram:0.2 0.6 gram:0.6 gram gram gram gram gramNote One new Two new 4 old napkin napkin napkin sample samples samplesRinse Ice-cold water Procedure Removal No residue Light visible Mostresidue Visible Visible Visible Result residue removed, one (Oil residuenapkin sample spot) still has some invert residue

TABLE 27 Tergometer Test 24 Test Conditions: 120° F., 20 minutes, speed96-100 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Surfactant ExtendedExtended Extended Extended Extended C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3:C10PO8EO3: C10PO8EO3: Pluronic N3 Pluronic N3 Pluronic N3 Pluronic N3Pluronic N3 1 gram:0.2 2 gram:0.4 3 gram:0.6 4 gram:0.8 1 gram:0.2 gramgram gram gram gram Note One new napkin sample, one old napkin Onestripe of sample, and one white napkin sample new napkin with extra oildrops Rinse 5 grain water 120° F. 10 minutes Procedure Removal Noresidue on No residue on No residue on No residue on No residue Resultwhite napkin, white napkin, white napkin, white napkin, (Oil residueslight, slight slight, slight slight, slight slight, slight spot)reverse on reverse on reverse on reverse on red napkin red napkin rednapkin red napkin Re-rinse Ice-cold water Removal New napkin New napkinNo residue No residue No residue Result visible, less visible, old andwhite old and white napkin no napkin no residue residue

Tests 23 and 24 showed that the cleaning results were related with totalnapkin loading, not just oil amount. The extended surfactant wasextensively adsorbed on the napkin surface.

Example 3: Design of Experiment (DoE) of a Cosurfactant (Pluronic N3)and/or Alkali with C10PO8EO6

A 16 run, full factorial, 2 factor interaction DoE was performed (FIG. 8) with the 5 factors shown in Table 28 to simultaneously optimize bothcleaning success and cost:

TABLE 28 Factors Factor Name Units Type Minimum Maximum A Temp F.Numeric 120.00 140.00 B Time min Numeric 10.00 20.00 C 50 wt % NaOH g/LNumeric 0.0000 3.00 Alkalinity D C10PO8EO6 g/L Numeric 0.5000 1.50 EPluronic N3 g/L Numeric 0.0000 0.3000

Methodology

-   -   Cut 4″×4″ Red Napkin Spun polyester sample    -   1 drop with 100 microliters Olive Oil    -   Heat at 50° C. in oven for 10 min    -   Wash in Tergotometer, no rinse    -   Assign Visual Score (1=dirty, 2=light but still dirty, 3=clean)    -   Calculate cost based on dosing of factors C, D and E in the        design

Factor Factor Factor Factor 3 C: Factor 5 E: Re- 1 A: 2 B: 50 wt 4 D:Pluronic sponse 1 Temp Time % Na . . . C10PO8EO6 N3 Visual Run F. ming/L g/L g/L Score 1 120 20 0 0.5 0 1 2 140 10 0 1.5 0.3 3 3 140 20 0 1.50 1 4 140 20 0 0.5 0.3 3 5 120 10 3 0.5 0 1 6 120 10 3 1.5 0.3 3 7 12020 0 1.5 0.3 2 8 140 10 3 1.5 0 2 9 140 10 0 0.5 0 1 10 120 20 3 1.5 0 211 140 20 3 0.5 0 3 12 140 10 3 0.5 0.3 2 13 120 20 3 0.5 0.3 3 14 12010 0 1.5 0 1 15 120 10 0 0.5 0.3 1 16 140 20 3 1.5 0.3 3

Results showed a significant model with a R{circumflex over ( )}2=0.89and an adjusted R{circumflex over ( )}2=0.82. The adjusted R-squared isa modified version of R-squared that has been adjusted for the number ofpredictors in the model. The adjusted R-squared increases only if thenew term improves the model more than would be expected by chance. Itdecreases when a predictor improves the model by less than expected bychance.

Both factor C (alkali) and factor E (Pluronic N3) are shown assignificant additives to supplement factor D at relatively low startingconcentrations and much lower operation temperatures to optimizecleaning performance and cost. Previous DoE work has shown a need forstandalone surfactant concentrations needing to be between 3-5 g/L. Theratio of extended surfactant to polymer can be from about 1:1 to about5:1. The ratio of extended surfactant to alkalinity can be from about2:1 to about 1:6.

Example 4

Tables 29 and 30 show field testing for the standalone effect of PO8EO3and PO8EO6 on food oil on polyester challenges without alkali at varioustemperatures and rinse-ability observations.

TABLE 29 Wash Processes 1-3 Wash Process 1 Results: 16% stain 170° F.,25 min, 8 fluid oz of FIG. 9 C10PO8EO3 in 12-15 gal of water (no alkali)Drain Rinse 140° F., 3 min Drain Rinse 110° F., 3 min Drain IRONED WashProcess 2 Results: 9% stain Took the load from Wash Process 1 after withthis ice ironing and counting 16% stain process alone Put in ice to getbelow CP of PO8EO3 on a previously which is about 60° F. 16% stainProcess: FIG. 10 10 min ice soak no chemistry Drain 3 min “cold water”fill raised temp to 95° F. because cold water in this plant is hotterGot near 50° F. in washer Suds reappeared at 50° F. where it hadn'tshown on the previous rinse steps ICE drain had oil color 95° F. draindid not have oil color Wash Process 3 Results: 5% (Combo of Wash Process1 & 2 then iron) LIGHT stain 170° F., 25 min, 8 fluid oz C10PO8EO3 inColor in cold 12-15 gal of water (no alkali) water phenomena Drainrepeated itself Rinse 140° F., 3 min Drain Rinse 110° F., 3 min DrainICED 10 min, 50° F. Drain Cold water fill, 95° F. Drain IRONED

TABLE 30 Wash Processes 4-6 Wash Process 4 Results: 0% Stain 170° F., 25min, 25 fluid oz of C10PO8EO6 in 12-15 gal of water (no alkali) DrainRinse 140° F., 3 min Drain Rinse 110° F., 3 min Drain IRONED WashProcess 5 Results: 0% Stain 140° F., 25 min, 25 fluid oz of C10PO8EO6 in12-15 gal of water (no alkali) Drain Rinse 140° F., 3 min Drain Rinse110° F., 3 min Drain IRONED Wash Process 6 Results: 3% Stain 120° F., 25min, 25 fluid oz of C10PO8EO6 in 12-15 gal of water (no alkali) DrainRinse 120° F., 3 min Drain Rinse 110° F., 3 min Drain IRONED

Table 30 demonstrates that the extended surfactant alone, withappropriate dosage, could work in a wide range of temperature (120 to170° F.) to gain a near perfect result in field test (<3% reject rate).

The extended surfactant combined with block-co polymers or alkalinitywill greatly improve the removal efficiency (less wash time andsurfactant usage).

Overall use of caustic can be reduced with the use of these optimizedextended nonionic surfactants.

Example 5

Enhanced Soil Release of Tough to Remove Cosmetic Soils:

Cosmetic soil removal from different textile substrates is a knownchallenge.

In the following example we compared the removal of a representativelipstick soil from cotton and polyester textile substrate for twodifferent cleaning systems: a) System A—Ecolab's most advanced in-linedetergent system—Low Temperature Aquanomic detergent and b) SystemB—C10PO8EO6. For testing multiple loads of 28 lbs were loaded into a 35lb Unimac Washer. Each load consisted of 6 representative swatchesstained with lipstick. Both detergent system were added to an amount toresult in a 200 ppm concentration in the suds phase.

FIG. 12 shows the removal of lipstick as a function of the two detergentconditions and two substrates at the end of the wash phase. Significantimprovement is seen for the lipstick swatches across both substrates forSystem B compared to System A.

Example 6

Cleaning was tested using a solvent (Dowanol PPH Glycol Ether) combinedwith C10PO8EO6. Results are shown in FIG. 13 . The solvent blendedformula to Extended C10PO8EO6:Dowanol PPH to 3:1 demonstrated the bestcleaning results.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for removing soils from a polyestertextile comprising: contacting a textile having a soil with a cleaningcomposition so that a micro emulsion is formed, the compositioncomprising: one or more extended chain nonionic surfactants of thefollowing formula:R—[PO]_(x)[EO]_(y) wherein R is C10 Guerbet, x is 8 and y is the averagedegree of ethoxylation ranging from 3 to 10; and a cosurfactantcomprising an EO/PO block copolymer, an alkoxylated alcohol, or an alkylether diamine, wherein the ratio of the extended chain nonionicsurfactant to the cosurfactant is from about 1:1 to about 5:1, andwherein the composition is substantially free of an alkalinity source.2. The method of claim 1, wherein, y is 3 and said micro emulsion isformed at a temperature of 80° to 90° F.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein y is 6 and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature offrom about 120° to about 160° F.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein y is8 and said micro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 150°to about 185° F.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein y is 10 and saidmicro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 165° to about190° F.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the extendedchain nonionic surfactant to the EO/PO block copolymer is about 5:1 orthe ratio of extended chain nonionic surfactant to the alkyl etherdiamine is about 3:2.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprisingrinsing the detergent composition and the soil from the textile.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the soil comprises non-transfats and/orcosmetic soils.
 9. A method of removing oils and transfats from soiledspun polyester comprising; treating said soiled polyester with acomposition comprising a C₁₀—[PO]8-[EO]y Guerbet alcohol wherein y is3-10 and a cosurfactant comprising an EO/PO block copolymer, analkoxylated alcohol, or an alkyl ether diamine so that an emulsion isformed, and thereafter rinsing said polyester so that emulsified oilsand transfats are removed, wherein the ratio of the Guerbet alcohol tothe cosurfactant is from about 1:1 to about 5:1, and wherein thecomposition is substantially free of an alkalinity source.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein said emulsion is formed at a temperature of80° to 90° F.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said y is
 3. 12. Themethod of claim 9, wherein a micro emulsion is formed at a temperatureof from about 120° to about 160° F.
 13. The method of claim 12, whereinsaid y is
 6. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein said micro emulsion isformed at a temperature of from about 150° to about 185° F.
 15. Themethod of claim 14, wherein y is
 8. 16. The method of claim 9, and saidmicro emulsion is formed at a temperature of from about 165° to about190° F.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein y is 10.